In the bedroom, although Wang Anshi wanted to see what Zhang Yue wrote in this book, he still said: "Don't be afraid that it is Zongheng's study again!"
Wang Anshi has always been outspoken when speaking, and the Zongheng theory is Wang Anshi's way of criticizing Su Shi and Su Che.
The article about the two brothers only discusses one thing and one thing, and the whole article has no important point.
In terms of facts, Wang Anshi's criticism is somewhat justified. Er Su's policy writings are brilliant and every word is a masterpiece. However, after reading all his policies and essays, you will have a very vague impression of Ersu's policies and essays.
That is, what are Ersu’s political views?
Every policy essay is about discussing something, one thing at a time, and each article can only be used as an exam-oriented article in the examination room. Of course, even so, it is like a full-score essay, but when summed up, it is a skill but not a way.
However, Ersu was so young at that time, and it was not easy to write such an article. Wang Anshi's words were somewhat dismissive of the literary people.
But there must be a "point" in the article, which can lead the whole article. That is, the Analects of Confucius is the word "benevolence". If you understand this word and read it, the article will be broken!
And what about moderation?
Wang Anshi couldn't wait to read. He dipped his index finger in his mouth and started to turn the pages.
He read very quickly, and he could read ten lines at a glance and asked casually: "What is the mean?"
Zhang Yue said: "The Doctrine of the Mean is actually called Zhongyong, and the Zhongyong in Zhongyong is the Zhongyong in Yunzhijue."
Wang Anshi raised his eyelids and glanced at Zhang Yue quickly. Yunzhi was praised by Han Yu and included in the Taoist theory, which became the Sixteen-Character Heart Biography of Confucianism.
"What if the mean is middle?"
Zhang Yue said: "The middle is just the result. The Analects of Confucius focuses on benevolence, Mencius focuses on nature, and the golden mean lies in the word sincerity."
Wang Anshi nodded slightly. If Zhang Yue said that the key to golden mean lies in the word '中', he would simply throw away the book.
Later generations read Zhongyong as "mediocre" and "conservative", and even literally meant "eclecticism". In fact, Yong means use. Zhongyong is not both mean and mean, but middle use, or in use.
Being impartial means being impartial. What does impartiality mean? That is, subjectivity and objectivity must be consistent. Putting the end first is eclecticism and conciliation.
What is the essence of moderation? It's just the word 'sincerity'.
Wang Anshi believed this deeply and said: "Sincerity is the way of heaven; sincerity is the way of man. Just as Mencius said, 'He who uses his heart to the fullest knows his nature. If he knows his nature, he knows heaven'" ".
After a pause, Wang Anshi asked while reading: "Therefore, the doctrine of the mean says that destiny is called nature, willfulness is called Tao, and cultivating the Tao is called teaching."
"The Doctrine of the Mean advocates that nature is good, Mencius also advocates that nature is good, but Xunzi says that nature is evil, and Yang Zi (Yang Xiong) advocates that human nature is a mixture of good and evil. What do you think?"
Doctrine advocates sincerity, and sincerity means acting in a straightforward manner. So what is the foundation of human nature?
So here comes the theory of the goodness of human nature.
Zhang Yue knew that what Wang Anshi advocated in the New Meaning of the Three Classics was the Yangtze theory. He believed that human nature is a mixture of good and evil. He also said that human nature has both a good side and an evil side.
Wang Anshi's words are very apt, but there are still problems.
Because we don’t consider the objective, only the subjective.
Zhang Yue said: "My views are the same as those of the Prime Minister, but they are slightly different. When people are poor, they also have prosperity. When they are poor, they tend to do evil, and when they are wealthy, they tend to do good. A big thief can also be filial to his parents. Li Shimin is against human ethics. But his achievements are overwhelming."
Zhang Yue's words put it plainly, people's good and evil depends on the conditions and the objects.
When people are short of resources, the group will fall into internal fighting; when resources are abundant, they will be friendly and help each other.
For example, there is a classic saying in doomsday literature: In troubled times, kill the Virgin first.
People are running out of food, so the standards of etiquette, justice and shame are easily lowered, and people compete with each other. But once you have enough food and clothing, let alone people, even cats and dogs are taken care of very well.
The good and evil of most people are closely related to the amount of objective resources. This is also the meaning of Canglin's practical etiquette.
At the same time, we also look at the target. A bad guy who does all kinds of evil is extremely filial to his mother. This is not a contradiction. He is evil to most people, but he is kind to his mother.
Similarly, Li Shimin is evil to his elder brother and younger brother, but he is kind to everyone in the world.
Therefore, Li Shimin was not a good son, a good brother, or a good brother, but he was a good emperor. This is because the objects are different, and the good and evil are also different.
When Wang Anshi saw Zhang Yue further elucidating his confusion of good and evil, he nodded in agreement. He happened to read this paragraph in the annotation of the article.
Wang Anshi said: "Being poor makes you stronger. If you don't eat the food you complain about, how can you say that, like Yan Hui, who is content with poverty and enjoys the road? There are many people who are unkind because of their wealth."
"If, as you say, it comes from the word sincerity and is ignorant of nature, then where is the word morality?"
Zhang Yue said: "This means that knowing good and evil is conscience. Many of the good and evil morals taught by Confucian Confucianism are actually contrary to human nature. There is a hidden danger in what is advocated, and what is not allowed is hidden in it. In fact, they all provide benefits to those who violate moral principles.”
To put it bluntly, some morals encourage you to do it, but there are hidden pits waiting for you. On the other hand, some morals do not allow it. In fact, there is a benefit in it but they are not given to you.
This is precisely not moderation.
Wang Anshi said: "Then the mean means to depend on the time and things?"
Zhang Yue said: "Not only that, Ouyang Gong once said that he is sincere and clear, and he can achieve it without trying and thinking. If you rely on time and things, in short, you are following the trend!"
For example, rolling inward and lying flat. For example, Chicken Soup says that you can reach the peak of life through 996, so you roll like crazy and have no direction to work hard.
Or just lie down and give up treatment.
Or it would be rolling up and down, lying down and lying unevenly, rolling up and lying down sometimes, and finally doing sit-ups between rolling up and lying down, which made it miserable.
I shed tears when I mentioned this, Zhang Yue was also experienced.
The same is true for governing the country. Whether Sang Hongyang or Wang Anshi said that "the people do not add taxes but the country uses enough", the essence is to squeeze resources from the people to the court, and finally complete the purpose of whipping the barbarians. To put it bluntly, the reform is a roll.
But countries are the same as people, how can they always be 996?
As for Sima Guang and Fu Bi, they did not talk about military affairs for decades, passively waiting for the enemy to come and ransack their homes. This means that if you cannot endure the hardship of reform, you will have to endure the hardship of being beaten.
The consequences of lying down are even worse.
There is actually another way to lie down and roll, and this way is called long-termism.
What is long-termism?
Don't be driven by immediate interests, and don't set a big goal out of thin air. Don't be exposed to the cold for three days a day, and don't go towards Qin Muchu. Take a path that suits you. Although you will lose a lot in the short term, it is definitely cost-effective in the long run.
Many people see so-called successful people learning from each other all day long.
In fact, there is no secret to successful people. It is nothing more than persisting in one thing for a long time, doing it to the extreme, and finally turning quantitative changes into qualitative changes.
The same goes for governing a country. Those who govern a large country are like cooking small dishes. There is no need to make drastic measures or go to war, as long as they follow the rules.
No one succeeds simply by relying on 996. Choice is greater than hard work.
how to choose? Nothing but sincerity.
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