As the saying goes, poetry is about emotions and about objects.
Poems, songs, and poems were at the end of the list. However, among the four categories of Jinshi subjects in the Song Dynasty, poems and poems were the most important.
Now poetry has become secondary, taking a back seat to prose.
Now that Zhang Yue has entered the Jinshi Department, the difficulty lies in his academic talent.
The one that impressed Zhang Yue most deeply in the poem was "The six kings are finished, the four seas are one, Shushan is Wu, and Afang comes out".
Of course, there is also a negative teaching material, which is Liu Ji's "Heaven and earth are rolling, all things are flourishing, and the saints are growing".
As well as Ouyang Xiu's saying, "A scholar thorns, an examiner brushes." '
Fu is half poem and half prose.
This article is prose, and prose is an article that does not rhyme or match.
But Fu not only rhymes, but also changes rhymes, and sometimes needs to be paired or not.
As for poetry, there are seven lines, five lines, or even three lines, but the length is short, while the poems are generally long.
Therefore, Fu is called poetry and literature.
Another characteristic of Fu is that it is composed of prose and written about objects.
Take Sima Xiangru and Lin Fu as an example.
...The water is flowing sideways, flowing horizontally and turning backwards, turning and pouring, and pouring water. The sky is full of clouds and clouds. Over the waves, one comes to the river. Pi Yan rushes...
The entire Shanglin Fu is filled with such foreshadowing sentences.
Many Han poems are like this. In fact, most of them are not real scenes, but imaginary scenes created by Sima Xiangru. They are all depicted in the scenery of Shanglin Garden, giving people a first-class feeling.
This is not the case for one generation or two. The poetry of the Tang Dynasty was already like this. Han Yu implemented the "Ancient Prose Movement" because he felt that such poetry was too false and fake. To put it bluntly, the literati were purely "showing off their skills" and had no actual content.
It is considered that 'if the illusion is too large, it will be far from the class, and if the rhetoric is too large, it will be contrary to the facts'.
In the Song Dynasty, this virtue was restored, but in the second year of Jiayou, when Ouyang Xiu was the chief examiner, he once again promoted the "Ancient Prose Movement". If you dare to write like this, it will be "the scholar thorns, the examiner brushes".
The fate of Liu Ji, the number one scholar in the Imperial Academy, can be seen.
To learn Fu, one requires reading and memorizing rhyme books, and the other requires a large vocabulary.
If you feel that you have a large vocabulary of ancient Chinese, you can try to read and understand Sima Xiangru's "Shanglin Fu" and "Zixu Fu".
When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty read Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu", he sighed, "I cannot be the same as this person!"
As a result, the Shu servant on the side said with great pride that this was done by my fellow countryman Sima Xiangru.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty met with Sima Xiangru, Sima Xiangru said that "Zixu Fu" is a poem about hunting by princes and kings. I will write another "Shanglin Fu" for you about the emperor hunting.
Although both Zixu Fu and Shanglin Fu are about hunting and gardening, they have almost no similar words, which shows how extensive Sima Xiangru's vocabulary is.
Nowadays, Ouyang Xiu admires the ancient prose movement and has been trying to change the legal Fu in the examination room to Wen Fu, but he has never been able to do so.
For example, when Ouyang Xiu wrote Qiu Sheng Fu himself, he also had to consider both parallel and prose.
It turned out that Zhang Yue was also a supporter of Ouyang Xiu's classical prose movement.
But he also understood why the ancients rhymed in their poems and songs?
Rhyming is not just for rhetoric, but for ease of recitation. So many poems in the Book of Songs were preserved through singing, and were finally recorded on paper.
No matter how good the poem is, if it is difficult to recite, it does not have the conditions for survival.
After all, in ancient times, there was no condition to flip through a book on Baidu, so it is of course best to memorize it in the mind through a catchy way like poetry.
In this way, even many years later, by chance, I can read or sing a poem or song that I memorized as a child.
After understanding this, Zhang Yue was no longer so repulsive to Fu.
However, compared to Confucian classics, learning Fu really depends on talent.
Even if Sima Xiangru did not meet Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he would still be a saint.
Zhang Yue now also begins to learn Fu. Fortunately, in Taixue, every school discussed knowledge in Luting every day, and there were also well-educated Confucians who served as lecturers, which gave Zhang Yue a way to learn. Unlike in the past when I was in Wuxi, it was difficult to find a book.
The system of Taixue is "lecturing in the hall and practicing in the fasting room". '
There are lectures in Chonghua Hall every ten days, and they are taught personally by the direct lecturer of the Imperial College. They are also in Chonghua Hall during weekday exams.
As for studying on weekdays, I stay in the studio.
This dormitory is a little different from the school dormitory. It has the feel of a seminar room, a study room and a dormitory.
Every day Zhang Yue had to come to Luting to attend the banquet.
This furnace pavilion is placed in every room. Because the furnace can be raised in winter, it is called the furnace pavilion.
The furnace pavilion is the study room and seminar room of the studio. In addition to lighting a fire in winter, in summer the full-length windows on the east and west walls are opened.
Zhang Yue walked into the furnace pavilion from the south. Beside the full-length windows on the east and west walls were hanging the names of the people who passed the exam, and below them were written in small characters the number of Jinshi, the country, etc.
On the north side is a solid wall with three plaques hanging on the wall.
The central board is the most important and is called the Guangzhai board.
This is a rule left by the Jinshi in the Tang Dynasty. All the students who pass the Jinshi title and serve as officials and return to the provincial university should return to school and perform the ceremony of Guangzhai.
In addition to saluting, you also need to pay a sum of money to Benzhai, which is called Guangzhai money. If you are appointed as Prime Minister, Number One Scholar, or Commander-in-Chief, you will have to give another batch of valuable gifts to the family, and then write them on the Guangzhai tablet.
As for the two panels on the left and right of the Guangzhai plaque, the names, birthplaces, and virtues of the Shubenzhai students on the left side (who received honors in Taixue) were listed on this plaque after Zhang Yue performed the ceremony of "Shen Zhai." Officially became a member of Yangzhengzhai.
On the right side are written the rules of Taixue and the rules of Yangzhengzhai, with a set of seats for a furnace pavilion (see the easter egg chapter at the end of the chapter for a picture of the furnace pavilion).
There is a stove in the center of the pavilion, and the seats are all surrounding the stove. There are a total of twenty-four seats.
The full capacity of a restaurant is thirty people, but Zhang Yue doesn't understand why there are only twenty-four seats.
However, compared to the two-point life in the classroom and dormitory in the past, it is good to go to the stove pavilion to attend banquets or self-study on weekdays.
Zhang Yue studied poetry in Luting on weekdays. When Liu Ji, the head of the village, was there, Zhang Yue also asked him for advice on how to write articles.
Within the Taixue Yizhai, the Zhai Edict implements the rules and regulations of the Zhai, and the Zhai Chief coordinates the affairs. Although the chief of the prison does not have the responsibility of supervising studies and answering questions, Liu Ji is the "first person in Taixue". Maybe he was dismissed by Ouyang Xiu because of his reputation, but his talent is definitely unnecessary. doubt.
When Zhang Yue asked Liu Ji for advice, he said: "If you learn my article, the examiner will brush it off in the future, don't blame me."
Zhang Yue smiled.
Liu Ji, either because Zhang Yue was a relative of Zhang Heng or Zhang Dun clan, or because he was trying to help him out by picking up girls that day, anyway, he gave Zhang Yue academic advice with all his heart.
Zhang Yue asked him if he should no longer study Sima Xiangru's Shanglin Fu and Zixu Fu. Instead, he should study Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan's articles. If he wrote the articles in a simple and fluent way, he could pass the exam.
Hearing this, Liu Ji stared at Zhang Yue for a long time, and then said: "What kind of article do you like, just study it and just try to figure out what the examiner likes?"
Zhang Yue was stunned for a while when he heard the words. Liu Ji touched his heart with his hand and said: "Eternal articles have their own way. You should ask here, not elsewhere. How about getting the 'Hongle Silk', I Don’t be afraid either!”
Zhang Yue couldn't help but admire him.
"Hongle silk" refers to the "red silk belt". Most scholars in Chengdu, Sichuan, like to wear a "red silk" around their waists.
Liu Ji took the imperial examination last year and was punished with "red silk".
Ouyang Xiu just used "the scholar pricks, the examiner brushes" to humiliate him. He also used a red pen to erase Liu Ji's article vertically from beginning to end, euphemistically calling it "Red Silk".
After being humiliated like this, Ouyang Xiu wrote the three characters "big mistake" to criticize, telling the left and right that this must be Liu Ji's article, and posted it in the Gongyuan for all the examiners to appreciate. After the examination, everyone saw that it was indeed Liu Ji.
Ordinary people would either not take the exam or change their writing style after being insulted like this, but I was not afraid of a few words from Liu. It really impressed Zhang Yue.
But Liu Ji said seriously: "Sima Xiangru's Zixu Fu was written during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, but Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty did not like to write Fu, so Sima Xiangru was depressed and unable to succeed. However, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty liked to write Fu, Sima Xiangru Take advantage of the moment. If Sima Xiangru had learned his way earlier, would he have been able to write articles such as Shanglin Fu in the future? Since ancient times, we scholars must be persistent and don’t let articles search for people. Come look for your articles!”
Zhang Yue heard this and questioned: "If Bachelor Ouyang is still taking the exam next year, will the chief still not be able to present it like this?"
Liu Ji laughed and said, "That's exactly it."
Zhang Yue nodded, this is really the true nature of a man.
Liu Ji reminded himself that what he said made sense. Why should he study whatever articles are fashionable today?
Just like future generations discussing where the next trend will be all day long? There is a big boss who said, "Pigs can fly if you stand in the wind." But there are also bosses who say, "It doesn't matter where the wind is, just do your own thing. One day the wind will hit you. Keep looking for it." In the wind, I lost myself. '
It seems that Liu Ji is such an awesome person. He has seen through everything a long time ago, so he can persist unwaveringly.
After some time, Zhang Yue learned that Liu Ji had changed his name to Liu Hui, and his name was also changed from "Zidao" to "Zhidao". Not only that, even the style of writing has also changed. Once the diction has been changed, the article is more "ancient prose" than the "ancient prose" of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan.
Zhang Yue couldn't help but cursed when he found out. It was really Male Gobi. This man talked like farts and wasted so much time.
So Zhang Yue had no choice but to pick up Han Liu again, read Ouyang Xiu's articles carefully, and learn their writing style.
Vocabulary and pronunciation must be memorized, but articles are not necessarily required. Essays are based on talent, just like college entrance examination essays. Most people will never get full marks after practicing for a lifetime.
But whether the efforts acquired the day after tomorrow are useful, the answer is still useful.
There is a saying that "if Su Wensheng is familiar with it, eat mutton; if Su Wensheng is familiar with it, eat vegetable soup", that is to say, if you memorize Sansu's article well, you can eat mutton (be an official). If you don't memorize it well, you can only drink it. Vegetable soup.
However, it was only after Jianyan that I read Sansu's articles as imperial examination essays. Now I just try to figure out the articles of Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan.
This dynasty is studying Ouyang Xiu.
In addition to poems and articles, the most common discussion among Tai students in Luting was the political affairs.
Just as Xiang Qi said before, "With the hair of Toutuo courtyard, there is no official Yushitai". The lives of Tai students are indeed poor, and they also criticize the government.
Some people also say that Tai students criticize the government because of their poor life, which is reasonable.
Despite the blessings of the current official family, Taixue has always been ostracized and even regarded as " It is a land of gentlemen's party, so the funds allocated by the imperial court to the Imperial College have been repeatedly withheld, or have been met with various obstacles, intentionally or unintentionally.
It is inevitable that the Tai students will be full of resentment.
It is now July, when the heat is unbearable, and most of the imperial students are preparing for the Imperial College Examination.
Zhang Yue was in the furnace pavilion, holding a cattail leaf fan and reading Han Yu's articles. But I saw a classmate saying: "There is a good article that I can share with you."
Everyone asked: "Whose article is it?"
Zhang Yue yawned. He had seen many articles praised by Tai students, and he preconceived the idea that except for Ouyang Xiu, there were few people whose articles he could use as a reference.
Therefore, I still feel inspired to read Han Liu’s article.
But I heard the other party say: "Now I want to mention the ten-thousand-character letter Wang Jiefu from Jiangdong Prison wrote to the officials when he returned to Beijing to report on his work."
When Zhang Yue heard the words "Wang Jiefu", he immediately stifled a half-yawn and said, "This is an article by Wang Anshi, so I won't be sleepy anymore."
"This article has the ambition to correct the world and change the custom. It is amazing to read. In the past few days, the ministers in Beijing have been discussing this book."
Hearing this sentence, one person laughed and said: "Wang Jiefu's article is good, but this person is very ignorant. When the imperial edict was announced, the officials invited a group of ministers to go fishing in the imperial garden. All the ministers were calm and calm. We were free to fish, but Wang Jiefu ate all the bait, which made a big joke."
Everyone laughed when they heard this, and a few people questioned: "It's just hearsay, how could someone eat the bait by mistake, or be a high-ranking minister? Ridiculous?"
One person said: "It's not ridiculous. I have heard about this matter. The next day, the official also discussed this matter with several husbands. He said that it was just a grain of fish bait for others to eat by mistake. They all ate it on the plate. How could anyone not come close?" This is so reasonable. This person must be a liar!"
"This is absolutely true. My uncle was standing by and heard about it."
Others made excuses for Wang Anshi.
One person said that Wang Anshi was the prime minister's seed, but another person said that if such a person is used as prime minister, the world will be in trouble.
Several people were arguing, but Zhang Yue came to the front and bowed to the other party: "Please borrow the article to read."
Several Tai students were busy debating, and no one read the article for a while.
Therefore, Zhang Yue couldn't wait to read the article first. This article was called by Liang Qichao "the largest article since the Qin and Han Dynasties".
Zhang Yue doesn't know what a good method is!
Zhang Yue read word for word, "I am a foolish and unworthy man. I have been favored and prepared to be an envoy. Now I have been favored to call you back to the palace. I have been appointed to serve. I should repay your Majesty with my envoy..."
While Zhang Yue was reading, the students over there were already divided into two groups and quarreling together.
Speaking of the political opinions of the Tai students, they generally tended to support Fan Zhongyan's new policy.
Later generations said that nearly half of the Jinshi were students of Hu Yuan, and Wang Anshi used all his disciples in his reform. This is not unreasonable.
Debate over political opinions is the most boring thing. Zhang Yue doesn't care about that much. Anyway, if there are good articles, read them first and then memorize them after falling asleep.
Just as Zhang Yue finished reading, he raised his head and saw a person looking at him.
This person is none other than Wu Anchi.
