Can men and women in the Song Dynasty go to school together?
The answer is yes.
However, most of them were private schools. During the Xuanhe period, a talented woman wrote a poem, "When I was young and my cousin was in the same class, I was elegant and good at writing." It was about this hazy love affair.
But is it possible that it is not a private school?
There are records in Song Dynasty people's notes that ordinary people's daughters went to school to study with their men.
For example, it is recorded in the Drunkard's Tale that a wealthy family sent his daughter to a school in order to facilitate the recruitment of his son-in-law.
If the above is still a joke, then in the Southern Song Dynasty, an official named Zhang Youqian and the girl next door Luo Xi were classmates, secretly fell in love with each other and finally got married. This is history.
When Zhang Yue saw the girl, he couldn't help but have expectations in his heart, but he suddenly lost his mind when he saw the tall servants following the girl.
And bring your own bodyguard to study.
After speaking, Guo Xuexue turned to Zhang Yue and Guo Lin said, "This is Miao Sanniang!"
But seeing the woman timidly approaching Zhang Yue, Guo Lin saluted and said, "Hello, gentlemen!"
"Hello, Third Lady!" The two of them saluted quickly.
Xuexue Guo coughed lightly and said, "Although Sanniang is younger than you, she is no less knowledgeable than you. She mainly focuses on arithmetic."
Zhang Yue knew that although it was not uncommon in the Song Dynasty for men and women to study together, they had different emphasis. Women mostly come to school to learn literacy, and the most important thing is to learn accounting, so that they can take care of the family and property in the future.
It seems that Li Zheng had this intention in sending his three girls to school.
"Guo Lin, you have learned a lot. You can teach him first. If you don't understand, come and ask me." After saying this, Guo Xuequ walked away.
Guo Lin was left with a stunned look on his face.
Because I don’t know how to do it at all.
There was an extra cedar chair in the hut, and the servant who came with Miao Sanniang was standing outside the door, holding a waist knife in his hand from time to time, and casting a wary look into the house from time to time.
When Zhang Yue saw this, he immediately looked at his eyes, nose and mind.
Miao Sanniang took out a book from her bag, which surprised both Zhang Yue and Guo Lin. She actually had a textbook, and was a member of the "book-owning class" that made them jealous.
Then Miao Sanniang took out a neatly carved bamboo stick from her bag, and then waved the bamboo stick back and forth in front of the book.
Zhang Yue and Guo Lin glanced at each other and continued reading.
About half an hour later, Miao Sanniang asked Guo Lin: "Guo Dalangjun...can I ask you for advice?"
Guo Lin raised his head, saw the other person's face, and said in a daze: "Um, what's the problem?"
Zhang Yue thought to himself that Guo Lin, despite his honest appearance, was actually a sultry person. At this moment, he might even have thought of the name of his child.
"Today there is a section of ox horn field. The horn is sixteen steps long and the mouth is six steps wide. How big is the field?"
Fujian is very mountainous, so the cultivated fields are irregular in the east and west. This Niujiao field is a field with a narrow and long shape. Confucian classics in the Song Dynasty was a little too divorced from reality, while arithmetic was too practical and focused only on solving the daily life problems of the common people.
"This...this...let me try..."
After a while, Zhang Yue had made the calculation, but Guo Lin took a piece of paper and scribbled for a long time, then said: "One hundred and fourteen steps."
"Thank you, Mr. Dalang, for clarifying my doubts."
Guo Lindao said: "We are all called brothers. I was the first to arrive, so..."
Miao Sanniang nodded and said sweetly: "Elder brother."
Guo Lin nodded sheepishly.
Miao Sanniang said again: "Brother, there is a dike that is two feet wide at the bottom, eight feet wide at the top, four feet high, and 12 feet seven feet wide. How much is the area?"
Guo Lin calculated for a while, and then asked without confidence: "The plot is five thousand six hundred and twenty-one feet."
Miao Sanniang took a look at the book, shook her head and said, "That's not right."
Guo Lin was so embarrassed that he wanted to crawl into the ground and said, "How about you ask Junior Brother Zhang? He is very good at arithmetic."
Guo Lin remembered that Zhang Yue wanted to teach him how to calculate scriptures.
Miao Sanniang turned her head to look at Zhang Yue, only to see that he was concentrating on reciting the meaning of the sutra.
Miao Sanniang hesitated for a moment and shouted: "Two..."
Zhang Yue, who was studying, quickly interrupted: "My surname is Zhang, and I am the third in the family. You can just call me Senior Brother Zhang!"
It turned out that he had heard this.
Miao Sanniang couldn't help but pursed her lips and smiled and then thought, he didn't let me call him second senior brother. Could it be that he meant that he and I were generally the third ones?
This man is very rude, but he seems to be doing well.
"Is there a problem?"
Miao Sanniang's face turned slightly red and she immediately said, "Yes, Senior Brother Zhang, this question..."
"Seven thousand one hundred and twelve feet!" Zhang Yue finished his answer.
This time, it was Miao Sanniang's turn to be confused. She looked at the book and said in surprise: "Senior Brother Zhang, you haven't..."
"When I heard your question just now, I already thought about it."
"Have you calculated it? But senior brother, you didn't use pen and paper, nor did you calculate the chips."
Zhang Yue looked helpless and uttered two words: "Mental arithmetic!"
"Is this okay? But that's not what the book says."
"give it to me!"
Seeing Zhang Yue's skill, Miao Sanniang quickly handed the book over to him.
Simple, simple, too simple, give me ten questions like this!
Zhang Yue subconsciously pushed the tip of his nose down, but realized that he had forgotten to wear his glasses, which made him feel a little imperfect.
"In the words of the book, there are two broad areas in the pit. First, they are combined in half to form the middle wide area. Now we get the middle wide area, so it is doubled to become the two wide areas. Therefore, after subtracting the upper wide area, the remaining area is the lower wide area. ."
"But don't go to such trouble. Just remember that the trapezoid formula is the upper base plus the lower base multiplied by the height divided by two. All calculations of trapezoidal products can be incorporated into it."
"Still don't understand? Well, add the upper wide plus the lower wide and divide by two, then multiply by the height, and finally multiply by the breadth, that's it! You can do the math yourself!"
Miao Sanniang listened for a long time, but felt that she heard every word Zhang Yue said clearly, but why didn't she understand?
Zhang Yue looked at her dull expression and couldn't help but ask: "How many years have you been studying Confucian arithmetic? You must remember it well. When you run a family in the future, Confucian arithmetic will come in handy all the time. For example, these fields, analogies, multiplication and division, Business, corn, labor, and salary are all useful. If you don’t understand this, how can you be the head of the family in the future?"
"Me? Me? Me?" Miao Sanniang's ears turned red. She was ashamed and angry at the moment. What do you mean by your words? When will I be the mother of a family? What does my being a housewife have to do with you?
"Thank you, Senior Brother Zhang."
Miao Sanniang returned to the table in a depressed manner and began to move the chips.
? ? ?
Did I say something wrong somewhere? Zhang Yue showed this expression.
Guo Lin shook his head and showed an expression that said, "You deserve not to be attracted by a beautiful woman."
In fact, Zhang Yue just did it on purpose. He wanted to leave the impression of being a top student in front of Guo Lin and girls, and then hit her gently with words, so that Miao Sanniang would not have anything to ask him about his homework and interrupt his thoughts.
It sounds a bit selfish, but girls are not as important as their own studies.
Aren't you just singles? There is beauty in the book!
The junior sister's arrival was just an interlude and did not interrupt Zhang Yue's homework.
Zhang Yue's homework, and now that Guo Xuexuan saw Zhang Yue's homework of copying the Classic of Filial Piety and the Analects of Confucius, he felt that there was a lot of room for improvement in his calligraphy, so he asked him to practice one calligraphy article every day.
What Guo Xuexun taught Zhang Yue was the Eight Methods of Yong Zi.
It sounds very mysterious, but in fact it is just practicing the word "forever" over and over again.
Although the character Yong has only five strokes, it contains eight characters including dots, horizontal strokes and vertical strokes, covering all changes in calligraphy. Therefore, there is a saying that one can write the character "Yong" well to cover everything. The first character in Lanting's preface is Yong.
The eight methods of Yongzi have also become a good way for beginners to get started with calligraphy.
Today Zhang Yue's homework is to write one hundred Yong characters.
In his previous life, Zhang Yue also learned a section of calligraphy and copied the Ling Fei Sutra, but his level was only that.
It can be said that the poems, songs, and articles of the Tang and Song Dynasties have reached a height that is difficult to reach in future generations. The same is true for calligraphy, especially in regular script, which can be said to be at its peak.
Chen Yinke once said that the culture of the Chinese nation has evolved over thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties. It will gradually decline and eventually revive.
This is the evaluation of future generations. From a utilitarian point of view, having a good calligraphy will greatly add points to the future system. Several officials in the Song Dynasty were calligraphy enthusiasts, and it was absolutely indispensable to have good calligraphy in the court in the future.
Zhang Yue followed Guo Xuexue's teachings and asked him to put aside everything he had learned in the past and learn to write the word "Yong" stroke by stroke from scratch.
From researching ink to putting pen to paper, there is a set of rules and regulations.
In the previous generation, Zhang Yue learned calligraphy through extracurricular tutoring classes, using ink, but now he must start by studying ink.
But seriously speaking, if you really want to learn calligraphy, ink grinding is better than ink.
Grind the ink before starting to write. Grinding the ink is like grinding the mind.
The importance and speed of grinding ink will affect the final strokes. Therefore, some readers can easily grind the ink for thirty or forty minutes before writing. Rich people leave this matter to bookboys. In the Song Dynasty, there was no school boy in any family.
After the ink is polished, the pen is dipped in the ink, the pen is picked and shaped, and then the pen is put on the paper.
Of course, before writing on paper, Zhang Yue had to take a branch to the sand and write hundreds of words to practice. He had a rough idea in his mind, and everything was based on economical conservation.
After practicing, Zhang Yuefang returned to the fir table and pressed the four corners of the paper with pebbles to prevent the words from being lost. When writing, you must follow the rules, and you cannot follow the rules completely, but just go in the direction of making things wider.
One hundred words is not many words, but the difficulty is that you have to be slow and use your best efforts. After writing like this for several days, my fingers and palms are very sore, but it is clear at a glance whether a word has been written with care. Although Zhang Yue slept during the day, he did not dare to be lazy in writing.
Finally, you must wash your pen after writing. The more you put it under the tap in the previous chapter, it was almost like washing a mop...
A discerning scholar would buy a pen and wash, but Zhang Yue only had a flat-bottomed bowl.
The water used to wash the pen should just cover the tip of the pen. Soak it for a while before washing it. You must wait until the ink in the pen belly is also washed away. Guo Xuexue will check and if Zhang Yue's washing is not good, he will wash it again himself.
Zhang Yue studied at Guo Xuexu, and his food, accommodation, and four treasures of the study were all included in Shuxiu.
Guo Xuejun was stingy to the extreme when it came to food, food and accommodation, but he was not stingy with pens, inks, paper and inkstones, and used only the best things. He just repeatedly told Zhang Yue to cherish paper, writing, and ink. Scholars must start by respecting paper and writing and the Four Treasures of the Study. Firstly, these are really precious. Secondly, reading must start with respect.
ps: If the readers are satisfied with it in the past two months, would you please send me your recommendation vote to Happiness?
