Chapter 25: Mongolia was established under the Han system; Kublai Khan ascended the throne and promoted talents
Last time, it was mentioned that Guo Polu followed Marshal Meng Xian and marched directly into Sichuan to assist Marshal Meng Xian in running Shu in an orderly manner. Guo Polu's talents won the praise of Marshal Meng Xian. After Meng Xian retired and returned to his hometown, his successor Yu Hui also thought highly of Guo Polu. Guo Jing assisted Lu Wenhuan in running Xiangyang City with great care and dedication. Huang Rong was afraid that his great achievements would overwhelm the master and be detrimental to herself, so she asked him to withdraw at the right time and secretly assist the defenders. When the heroes heard that Guo Jing had been appointed again, they returned to their ranks one after another.
Two flowers bloom, one on each side. Let's talk about the Mongolian army hurriedly retreating to Mobei. Guo Jing and others originally thought that the Mongolian army was defeated and fled, but this was not the case. It turns out that after the death of Mongke Khan in the northern Mongolian regime, the various Mongolian royal families fought for power and benefit without giving in to each other in order to become the heirs to the throne, and they had long since fallen apart. The powerful Mongol Empire was divided into four parts: Kipchak Khanate, Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate, and Mongolia. Prince Muge, who lived in Mobei, believed that he was a direct descendant and should be in the throne, so he sent out official obituary announcements of the death of Mengge Khan and asked all princes to gather in Mobei. Prince Muge sent a special envoy to urge Kublai Khan in Monan to withdraw his troops and go north to assist him. When Kublai Khan was hesitant, Prince Ali Buge, who stayed in Helin, fought against Prince Muge in order to win the throne of Khan. While considering himself as orthodox, he also sent several envoys to inform the kings and ministers to come to Helin. He held a funeral and held a meeting to elect the Khan of Kublai Khan to elect the successor of Mengge Khan. On the one hand, he worked hard to expand his own strength and sent his trusted aide Tuolichi to wait for the conscription of troops and grain in the Yanjing area in an attempt to control Kublai Khan's territory. in your hands to strengthen your own strength. Kublai Khan, who was attacking the Central Plains, saw that the situation was not good, and hurriedly negotiated peace with the Zhao and Song Dynasties by demarcating the Yangtze River as the boundary, and ordered Zhang Rou and other troops to withdraw their troops and return to Mobei. The purpose of retreating this time was actually to return to Helin to seize the throne of Khan, eliminate dissidents, and consolidate Mongolian rule. After the Zhao and Song Dynasties were occupied by the Mongolian army in Xiangyang City, they sent Meng Xian as an envoy to Jingxiang, and later sent the powerful minister Jia Sidao to lead an 800,000-strong army as backup. Jia Sidao saw that Meng Xian had recovered Xiangyang City and the Mongolian army was retreating. Kublai Khan happened to send another envoy to ask for surrender. Since the Zhao and Song Dynasties had many precedents of signing humiliating treaties after victory, Jia Sidao hid the truth from the court and negotiated with the Mongolian regime across the river to rule. After Kublai Khan signed a secret agreement with Jia Sidao, he led his army back to Mobei. However, Jia Sidao exaggerated his achievements and asked for rewards from the imperial court. The Zhao and Song Dynasty courts heard the report, and the government and the public praised him. The Zhao and Song court rewarded Jia Sidao generously. Han-Mongolia negotiated peace, and a rare peaceful situation temporarily appeared in the border areas.
In fact, this Kublai Khan was the son of Tolei, the fourth son of Genghis Khan who married Anda with Guo Jing. He was a heroic figure with great ambitions and great ambitions. He is familiar with Han culture and is well versed in Confucian classics. When he was young, he determined to follow the example of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty, to be a wise monarch and to establish a strong and unified political power. When Meng Ge was in power, because Kublai Khan was the oldest among his brothers and had a reputation as a virtuous man, Meng Ge Khan entrusted all military and civilian affairs in Monan Han to Kublai Khan's management. Let him gather strength here to prepare for going south to conquer the Song Dynasty. After receiving permission from Meng Ge Khan, Kublai Khan opened a palace and built a government office in Jinlianchuan, Monan. This is the famous Jinlianchuan Palace in history. Since this place is close to the Central Plains, the Han nationality is slightly stronger. Kublai Khan thought that in order to unify the world, he must rely on the strong Han nationality, and he could not do without the great Confucian scholars with real talents and practical knowledge. In order to govern the Central Plains well, he must implement the sage tradition of Confucius and Mencius road. Kublai Khan began to pay attention to recruiting Han talents, and gradually put Han people into more important positions. Scholars such as Hao Jing and other literary figures gradually used him. Later, due to the cold weather in the north, Han Xie Zhongwen was appointed to build Kaiping City on the north bank of Luanshui River.
Meng Ge was killed in battle, and Kublai Khan avenged his death and led his army south. At this time, he obeyed the call of Prince Muge and withdrew the southern invading army to the north. He first asked the army to stay in Jinlianchuan and watch, waiting for Ali Buge and Muge to kill each other in order to reap the benefits. His close ministers advised him:
"Now the kings and nobles are disengaged. If the king lingers and waits, Mongolia will enter a critical juncture. The king should make a decision early, advance when it is time to advance, and retreat when it is time to retreat. In everything, we should think of our ancestors, the country, and the world. We have the common people in mind. Work hard and make urgent plans to eliminate disasters before they happen. In this way, the great treasure will be returned and the country will be safe!"
Kublai Khan muttered:
"I don't have much idea at the moment. I want to wait here quietly and go to Helin to participate in the Khan election meeting."
Hao Jing said:
"The meeting with Linxuan Khan has an unfair name and inconsistent words. In fact, it is controlled by Ali Buge, and the kings and nobles have become puppets. If the king goes there, it is tantamount to recognizing Ali Buge's orthodox status, which is not beautiful."
Kublai Khan pondered for a long time and sighed:
"In that case, what will happen?"
Hao Jing then gave Kublai Khan a secret plan and arranged it in this way. Kublai Khan was overjoyed when he heard the words.
Kublai Khan immediately dispatched Batulu and Wu Lianghetai to lead elite troops, surrounded and disbanded the army summoned by Ali Buge's confidant Tuolichi. Then Lian Xixian was sent to lead a group of people to the east to lobby the kings of the east road; Hao Jing was sent to lead a team of people to the west to lobby the kings of the west road. He personally led the army and stationed in Kaiping. The news that Kublai Khan led his army to Kaiping quickly spread throughout the Mongolian grasslands.
Prince Yelvzhu and Muge, who supported Kublai Khan, also fled Helin and came to Kaiping to defect to Kublai Khan. Tacha'er, the leader of the eastern kings whom Lian Xixian lobbied, and Hedan, the leader of the western kings whom Hao Jing lobbied, also led their troops to Kaiping to join Kublai Khan.
After discussion with Prince Muge and other princes and nobles, Kublai Khan decided that Kublai Khan would recruit various Mongolian tribes and hold the Kuritai Conference in Kaiping. Several clan kings and nobles united and issued a statement, claiming that the Helin Xuanhan Conference organized by Alibuge was not a clan kings conference and did not represent the direct lineage of Mongolian power.
Kublai Khan had a reputation for benevolence among the Mongolian kings. Under the arrangement of Hao Jing and others, they climbed up and shouted, and the response gathered. The younger brothers headed by Prince Muge; the kings of the East Road headed by Tachaer and Yesongge; and the kings of the West Road headed by Abishuha, Hedan, Hebichi and Menggedu, a total of more than 40 people. , Han bureaucrats Shi Tianze, Zhang Rou, Zhang Hongfan, Li Fen and other seven major households came to participate in the Kuritai Khan election meeting. The kings and nobles unanimously agreed to support Kublai Khan as the Great Khan of the Mongolian Khanate, and held a grand enthronement ceremony.
After Kublai Khan succeeded to the throne, he immediately sent a delegation of 100 people to announce his accession to the throne. Alibu Ge not only refused to recognize Kublai Khan's status as the Great Khan, but also detained the hundred-member mission, and immediately summoned his supporters to hold a Kuritai Khan election meeting in Helin to elect himself as the Great Khan of Mongolia. Kublai Khan was furious after hearing the news. With the support of the kings and nobles, he went on a personal expedition and defeated Alibaba's army on the outskirts of Helin, forcing him to surrender.
Kublai Khan received the support of the Mongolian kings and nobles and the Han advisers who surrendered to Mongolia. He successfully ascended to the throne of Khan and set his capital at Yanjing in Monan (now Beijing).
Hao Jing, Zhang Rou and other Han advisors and warriors joined the Mongolian kings and nobles to express their congratulations.
Hao Jing said:
"Your Majesty has newly ascended to the throne, and all industries are waiting to be prospered. It is today that the ancestors have made changes. I hope that your Majesty will take the common people of the world into consideration, change the ancestral system, and abolish the ancestral laws. Imitate the story of the Han emperor and ascend to the great treasure as soon as possible."
Kublai Khan asked with great interest:
"I heard that when the Han emperor ascended the throne, the ceremony was solemn, grand, noble and elegant, and the process was complicated. What are the ceremonies for the emperor to ascend the throne?"
Hao Jing and others reported:
"According to the "Book of Rites", when the emperor ascends the throne and inherits the orthodoxy, he cannot act hastily. He must issue an edict to the world, establish the title and change the Yuan Dynasty."
Kublai Khan was overjoyed when he heard what Hao Jing and other Han officials were saying. He was overjoyed and asked:
"According to what you see, sir, why is Gai Yuan called the appropriate name?"
Hao Jing said:
"In my humble opinion, the founding name of the country can be called Dayuan. The Confucian classic "Book of Changes" says: Great, Qianyuan! Yuan means great, meaning first. In ancient times, it was called the first month of the Yin calendar It is the first month of the month, and the first day of each month is the day of the Yuan. Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba Hong, changed his surname to Han, and also changed his surname from Tuoba to 'Yuan'."
Kublai Khan said happily:
"According to what you said, when it comes to ascending the throne, you can do it easily."
Hao Jing said again:
"After the founding of the country, the king can no longer call himself the 'Great Khan'. He can follow the example of Tang Taizong and Song Taizu in founding the country and change his title to emperor."
Kublai Khan couldn't help but be overjoyed when he heard that Hao Jing and other Han bureaucrats compared himself with Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty. He followed all the suggestions of Han Chinese advisers such as Hao Jing and adopted them. Then he ordered Wang E to draft the edict of enthronement, and Hao Jing and others presided over the establishment of various regulations and systems. On that day, Kublai Khan issued an edict saying:
"The edict of Emperor Chengyun of the Mongol Empire says: I, Emperor Taizu Shengwu of Mongolia, held the Qian talisman and raised up the earth, used my divine force to imitate the emperor's map, shook the sky, and expanded the earth and universe. The map lasted for a long time and was unprecedented in ancient times. My virtue is The thin energy is fresh, and the destiny is obeyed. The old saying goes: The birth of the scenery is destined, and the house is respected all over the world. It must have a good name, and it can be inherited by hundreds of kings. It started from the ancient times, and the bandit only owns my family. I plan to build according to the ancient system. Ji Ti Yuan, and the people's revolution. Having accomplished the great cause, taking the meaning of Qian and Yuan in the "Book of Changes", the founding name of the country is 'Dayuan', and the founding of Yuan Zhongtong. I admire this!"
Kublai Khan accepted Hao Jing's suggestion and made his eldest son Zhenjin the crown prince. All central systems are based on the Tang system; the central government has Zhongshu Province, Privy Council, Yushitai, Xuanzhengyuan, etc. In charge of the national administrative affairs of the Zhongshu Provincial Premier, the prince is appointed Zhongshu Ling, with the right and left prime ministers, Pingzhang political affairs, etc. under his jurisdiction; under the jurisdiction of the six ministries of official, household, ritual, military, criminal, and industrial affairs. A Privy Council is established to be responsible for national military affairs. The Yushitai was set up to serve as the emperor's eyes and ears, responsible for inspecting the good and evil of officials and advising on political gains and losses. He also ordered Ban Ba Si to restrain and surrender the martial arts people and set up a special security agency to prepare for the protection of the royal family and the execution of special tasks.
In terms of local management, Kublai Khan changed the long-standing disadvantage of the Song Dynasty that civil servants were appointed magistrates of states. The emperor directly sent Zhongshu and provincial ministers to govern the local areas, which was called Xing Zhongshu to save trouble. Xing Zhongshu Province later became a fixed official name, and also became the name of local administrative divisions, referred to as Xing Sheng or Sheng. The provincial system is the development of the county and county system since the Qin and Han Dynasties, and established the scale of provinces and regions from the Ming and Qing dynasties until today. This provincial system has been used to this day.
After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he began to use a large number of Han people. First of all, he valued the Buddhist master Haiyun and the monk Zicong. He kept the monk Zicong with him and changed his name to Liu Bingzhong. One day, Kublai Khan asked how to make full use of the talented Han people.
Liu Bingzhong replied:
"As long as the king sincerely recruits talents, all talented people will come to you with all your strength!"
Kublai Khan nodded and asked:
"Like this, will Guo Jing and Zhu Ziliu from Xiangyang City come?"
Liu Bingzhong played:
"Great heroes like Guo Jing and Zhu Ziliu, who are chivalrous, loyal to the king and love the people, can only be treated with courtesy and cannot be humbled. Your Majesty should fulfill their loyalty and not let them betray and become infamous forever."
When Kublai Khan heard this, he sighed for a long time.
Liu Bingzhong said again:
"In fact, the reason why Xiangyang City could not be captured for a long time is not only due to the concerted efforts of Xiangyang's army and people, but also the great help of Guo Jing and other heroes. If the king also hires some loyal people and works together, Xiangyang City will definitely be defeated. Come down."
Kublai Khan was overjoyed when he heard this and appointed Liu Bingzhong to establish the recruitment office and put up a recruitment list. Under Liu Bingzhong's recommendation, Yan Zhen, Jia Juzhen, Meng Susi, Dong Wenbing, Dong Wenyong and other old officials of the vassal government; Zhang Wenqian, Li Dehui, Liu Su, Li Jian, Zhang Geng, Ma Heng, Wang Xun, Liu Bingshu, Dou Mo, Yao Shu, Yang Weizhong, Xu Heng, Zhao Fu, Song Zizhen, Shang Ting, Li Chang, Xu Shilong, Jia Juzhen, Liu Su and other literary figures from all over the world; Ali Hague, Meng Susi, Lian Xixian, Ye Xiannai and other Uighurs from the Western Regions; Hui people Zhamalading and Ahema; Tubo national teacher Ban Basi; Kashmiri monk Namo Chan Master; the great cannibal Ye Heideer; the original Xuan The Baishu Taoist priests of the God of Hades and so on were all recruited under Kublai Khan.
Kublai Khan also heard that after the death of the Seven Quanzhen Sons, Qi Zhicheng, the new leader of the Quanzhen Sect, stayed at Yunxi Monastery in Liujiagu, Jinge Mountain, Yunzhou, Chicheng. He usually treated people's illnesses, and when he had nothing to do, he would wander among the mountains and rivers, preaching and receiving karma, and he was very happy. , willing to accept it, he sent Zhang Yuanzhi to invite him with his own handwritten letter. Unexpectedly, Qi Zhicheng has a pure heart and few desires, and has no desire for wealth. He has already put his own life and death aside. The purpose of staying temporarily in Chicheng Yunzhou is just because this is where Mongolian soldiers live. He preached here mainly because he wanted to influence the Mongolian soldiers to put down their butcher knives and save more innocent people from being killed.
Kublai Khan saw that Qi Zhicheng was not moved by wealth, so he sent Prince An Tong to ask him for advice on how to cultivate his family and govern the country. Qi Zhicheng replied:
"If the body is upright, the shadow will be upright, and if the body is evil, the shadow will be evil. A man is strong when he is strong and not weak when he is weak. He lives in truth, not in splendor. Managing a big country is like cooking small dishes." An Tong greatly appreciated it and regarded it as a famous saying in life. So he relayed Qi Zhicheng's words to Kublai Khan. When Kublai Khan saw that Qi Zhicheng was ultimately useless, he sighed for a long time.
The news that Kublai Khan reused Han people and implemented the Han system quickly spread throughout the world. The Mongolian regime prospered and flourished. But the Zhao and Song Dynasties were like Wang Xiaoer celebrating the New Year, and every year was worse than the last. Due to political corruption in the Zhao and Song Dynasties, Jia Sidao gained power. In order to hide the truth about the peace begging, Jia Sidao, who was in charge of the military affairs of Pingzhang, recruited cronies and tried his best to attack and frame the meritorious generals. A group of generals with outstanding military exploits were either dismissed from office or sentenced to death. As a result, the people were at odds with each other, the soldiers were disengaged, and their war readiness was slack. They missed a great opportunity to strengthen their troops and consolidate their borders. However, those corrupt and incompetent Han bureaucrats who could not bear the power of treacherous ministers in the Zhao and Song Dynasties, as well as officials large and small who were suppressed by the powerful minister Jia Sidao, rebelled and surrendered to Mongolia. Liu Zheng, the pacifying envoy of Tongchuan in the Southern Song Dynasty, rebelled and surrendered to Mongolia with 300,000 households in fifteen prefectures including Luzhou. Kublai Khan was overjoyed and appointed him as the governor and pacification ambassador of Kui Mansion, and gave him 10,000 taels of silver.
Liu Zheng, courtesy name Wuzhong, was born in Fanchuan, Jingzhao. Shen Yi was resourceful and good at riding and shooting. He was once a tiger general under Meng Xian's account and was named "Sai Cun Xiao". He moved to Tongchuan as the pacification envoy of the 15th Army Prefecture. Know the military and state affairs in Luzhou. Liu Zheng surrendered and organized and trained the navy, allowing the Yuanshui army to quickly form combat strength. Greatly enhanced the Mongol Khanate's water warfare capabilities.
It's exactly this: it's easier to change the system and implement ancestral laws to implement Mingzheng and bring together heroes. If you want to know the result, let’s look at the breakdown next time.
