The success of making soap greatly depends on the concentration of the lye. The reason why it is difficult to make it by hand is always that the concentration of the alkaline substance is too low.
A dry wooden stick was inserted into the solution, and he made a cut according to the location where the water was immersed.
Rurik believed that due to the previous high temperature, the potassium nitrate from the plant ash in the solution had all turned into potassium nitrite, so it became very toxic to the human body, and its toxicity came from its nitrite radical. As long as this nitrite root comes into contact with fat, it can turn into alkaline but harmless soap.
Even if he didn't know the details of the solution, if he continued to boil it, two-thirds of the water in the urn would be evaporated, and what was left would definitely be a highly concentrated solution.
What's more, if the urn continues to cool down, a large amount of crystals will precipitate in the clay urn.
It is enough as long as the water in the urn is lost until only one-third of the length of the stick is left at the water immersion point.
As a result, a fire in the chief priest's house became Rurik's testing ground, and he himself gloriously announced to all the priests that the greatest action was now.
This glorious declaration should not be taken lightly. Feeling that it was already very late, High Priest Vilya, who was already planning to go to bed, walked up to Rurik on crutches and witnessed what he was about to do.
Rurik received the attention of all the priests, but now it seemed that the child was just boiling a jar of brown-yellow water with a special smell.
Because there are many impurities in the water, which are not the key substances for making soap, they exude the unique burnt smell of charcoal. The smell reaches the priest's nostrils, proving that the water and charcoal have a special origin.
The water is boiling, and a large amount of steam begins to spread indoors. It quickly seeps out into nature along the cracks in the house.
The chief priest's house has a lot of gaps and no special chimney. The people inside never consider whether lighting a bonfire indoors will cause poisoning.
No one has the concept of carbon monoxide poisoning. It is because of the flaws in the houses they built. The large number of gaps created unintentionally forced heat to be lost quickly, forcing them to frequently light charcoal fires in winter, so they were not poisoned.
Therefore, the odor emitted by the boiled solution gradually dissipated, and only the inside of the brown pottery urn was visible. The water line receded at a speed that was almost visible to the naked eye, leaving cleaning marks on the urn wall.
The current solution is very dangerous, not only because it exists at a high temperature of 100 degrees, but also because its alkalinity is rapidly increasing. If the potassium nitrite inside becomes pure crystal, it will be an extremely dangerous alkaline substance that can corrode quickly. Touch its flesh.
But when it is crystallized and mixed with other substances, it is the key to a new era of human melee.
The priests who were watching wanted to see something newer. After staring for a while, they realized that they were just filling water, and gradually lost interest.
After all, it was very late, and some people didn't want to spend any more time here, so some people went back to their sleeping quarters and closed their eyes.
Rurik's work has really just begun. In order to get the soil soap out as early as possible, he must have made a decision in his heart. He will have to work until dawn, or his spirit will collapse due to excessive exhaustion. .
The water level in the urn continued to drop, and when the lower-level priests left one after another, Rurik was only accompanied by the loyal Lumia. Not far away from the two of them, there was Vilia who was waiting for a result. She continued to sit cross-legged on her soft leather cushion and take a nap with her eyes closed.
Rurik didn't want to disturb those people. He worked seriously, but he was disturbed by uninvited guests.
It was actually very late. According to the past, he should have gone back to his home to sleep.
The son has been staying in the chief priest's house. Today, the son is still clamoring to make some new invention, a treasure that can be easily washed by hands. Otto did not interfere with his son's plan at all. His son had not come back until late at night, and the heart of an old father couldn't help but worry.
Otto hurriedly broke in to see the priest, waking up many sleeping people and causing Viglia to raise his head suddenly from his nap.
"My leader! You! You shouldn't rush in in such a hurry. What are you going to do?!"
"I..." Otto looked around anxiously and saw two young figures busy around a bonfire, and his anxious heart calmed down.
"Ah, great priest, I'm just here to take Rurik home to sleep."
"He's right there, don't worry." After saying that, Vilia pointed casually.
There was a strange smell in the air, and Otto's nose was very keen to smell this abnormality. A strange smell came from his son, and the pottery urn that the two children were playing with, along with his son's servants, caught his attention.
"Rurik, what are you doing?"
"I know you're coming, dad." Rurik said perfunctorily.
"Is it this pottery urn? You said you wanted to make something special. Have you achieved any results?"
"That's it." Rurik was very proud and wanted to introduce Otto to him. But then I thought about it, the lengthy description was just nonsense, and the last word is to show the real thing.
Rurik thought for a while and muttered: "I won't go back today, I want to do a great thing. Dad, go back and tell mom that when it gets bright tomorrow, I will definitely come up with my invention."
But Otto could tell that his son was announcing that he would stay up all night.
"Ah? My child, you are not a hunter yet, so you don't need to stay up all night. You are too young. I believe you will succeed. It is better for me to take you back to sleep now."
"No! My work has reached a critical moment." Rurik increased his voice.
"Perhaps, you can leave the work to your servants. Listen, this is what servants are made for." As he spoke, Otto winked at the confused Rumia.
Of course Otto's idea was met with a stern rejection from Rurik.
He thought to himself, I am an old guy with a mental age of forty years old. It is hard enough for me to pretend to be a seven-year-old child and pretend to be innocent. Do the so-called adults have to forcibly deprive a child of the right to play with toys?
Ah, this toy is made of extremely dangerous lye...is it considered a toy?
No, Rumia doesn’t understand anything at all. She will help me do many things in the future, but only if I teach her the first time.
Rurik stamped his foot, "Dad, you must believe me this time. You will gain huge wealth because of your correct choice tonight."
"Wealth? My child, you are my greatest wealth." Otto squatted down, his eyes converged, and he pinched his son's soft face as if coaxing a child, "You are only seven years old, from now on you Of course going through the challenges of being a real man, now it’s really time for you to go to bed.”
"No! I will never be a man who only knows how to row boats and fights. I also want to be a wise person!" Rurik pointed at his brain in excitement, "I want to use my strength to become a leader, and I want to use my brain to become a leader." Everyone has become rich. Dad, you must listen to my advice. Don’t you believe in your son? Or do you... do you think I am the same as other children? "
Otto was calmed by some questioning of the depths of his soul.
Ask yourself, when this child is holding his own "Destroyer" sword in the snow in the background light, protecting his current servant, this child is indeed very different from other little boys.
At that moment, Rurik was no longer a child at all, as if he was possessed by some great being.
Seeing that his son was so stubborn, the child could not sleep peacefully on the soft leather blanket for fear of forcing him to run away like a lamb.
Otto didn't say anything more and left angrily.
The dispute ended and the huge room became quiet again.
Vilia could once again close her eyes in peace, knowing that no one would disturb her clear dream tonight. She was also curious about Rurik's invention. After listening to the child's simple description, the invention was a mixture of seal oil and yellow water in an urn. Before Rurik's explanation, no one in the tribe had attempted this.
Even the priest who often boiled oil, and even his younger self, never had such a whim. Perhaps, the convergence of the two will indeed produce a miracle, but that will not give the elderly Vilia greater mental stimulation. She is too old and her appetite for novelty has diminished.
Villa returned to her compartment, lay down on the sleeping nest made of animal skins, and soon fell asleep.
The hall of the chief priest's house suddenly became empty. Rurik looked at the quiet scene around him and couldn't help comforting Rumia who couldn't help but yawn.
"Ah, we are the only two left now."
"Rurik, you? Continue?"
"Yes, I need your help next. My sister, you and I don't have to rest tonight, because I promised dad that I will produce results."
Rumia understood the meaning. She did not refuse, and she had no right to refuse. She could only obey her master's orders with all her strength.
This is not a difficult command to accept, it is even fun.
Now, the roasted pottery urn rests, and the hot solution inside is gradually cooling down. Rurik still didn't know the concentration of potassium nitrite in the solution. Seeing that the water-soaked position of the wooden stick had reached the target value, its concentration must have been sufficient. He believed that the saponification reaction can start as long as it reaches a critical value, and then the problem is just that the concentration of the solution determines the hardness of the soap.
In fact, this was Rurik's first time making earthen soap. The principle was so simple. Making exquisite soap, or even making soap with exquisiteness and charming fragrance, was his ultimate desire in this regard.
Because as long as it succeeds, people in the tribe will use it to clean their bodies, and the aroma will replace the inherent sweat odor and even bad body odor. Especially those who are willing to spruce up their appearance and pay huge sums of money to buy a soap that makes them clean and smell good.
Rumia hung the pottery urn full of seal oil on the bonfire. Gradually, the semi-solidified oil gradually turned into a pure liquid state.
"Is that all right? Does it need to be hotter?" she asked Rurik.
Rurik stretched out his little hand and tentatively touched the liquefied grease. A strong pain hit his hand.
"It's enough. If it boils over, our work will be difficult."
The saponification reaction requires the right temperature, and there is no doubt that boiling oil is simply too hot.
He asked Rumia to heat the grease again, and then ordered her to move down the pottery jar.
"Lumia, the most important thing is now, you can avoid it for now."
"Why? I will help you well."
"No. You observe my movements for now, and you have to remember my movements. In the future, you have to do these things yourself."
"I will."
Rumia walked aside with an uneasy heart, still staring at Rurik's movements.
There is a saying that if you add more oil and water, add more water. If you know the exact concentration of the key substances in the solution, as well as the exact mass of all materials, and do some mathematical calculations, Rurik can master the blending ratio of all substances in advance. Helpless, he could only use a very stupid method, which was to use a wooden spoon to pour the liquid hot grease directly into the plant ash precipitate of unknown concentration.
When the first spoonful of fat is poured in, the saponification reaction occurs instantly.
The clear and yellowish grease suddenly changed color, and there were still a few tiny bubbles.
He continued to pour oil, and finally he poured all the oil in the pottery jar.
But grease and water are naturally repellent, and grease is only particularly interested in alkaline substances dissolved in water.
"Ah, great. If I pour the oil slowly, there will be no violent chemical reaction. Next..." Rurik paused for breath, and Rumia, who was observing carefully with a satisfied smile, waved, "You Come here, it’s your job.”
Rumia's current status is that of a servant. If she spends a lot of time idle, she will definitely attract criticism from others.
Rurik does need such a sister to do many things. She is only seven years old when she is ten years old. Of course, her mental age is completely different. A seven-year-old child is holding a wooden stick and frantically stirring the mixture of grease and water. Even if he is quite strong, You will soon become exhausted.
"Rumia, take a wooden stick, and then you stir this pottery urn. This will be a tiring process, and you must do it in order to make a treasure."
Afraid that she might not understand the Norse language well, Rurik explained slowly, and then explained the key words in the newly learned ancient Sami language.
"I'll stir it hard and I'll make you happy."
Rumia didn't complain at all. It was an honor to be a servant to be able to do great things for her "brother". Otherwise, her sister would have truly deserved it.
She stirred the substance in the pottery urn with her selfless heroic demeanor. Soon, the changes in the substance surpassed her cognition.
The saponification reaction has fully begun, and Rurik is watching the chemical changes taking place with his head raised.
The light yellow and quite transparent oil has changed its nature, and it is becoming as viscous as butter. Because of the color of the plant ash precipitate, the mixture in the urn turned into a brown-yellow paste, accompanied by a special smell, just like normal soap.
The permeating smell was exactly what Rurik wanted to smell.
He was so excited that he used plant ash and seal oil to create soap in ancient Northern Europe thousands of years ago.
He was very sure that the substance in the urn was soap, but the dissolved alkaline substance was rapidly combining with the fatty acid molecules due to Rumia's selfless stirring.
A large amount of water needs to be eliminated, but it should not be eliminated completely.
Soap can be as hard as bricks in the sun, and the water content in it can be very low. Even such soap feels terrible when used.
Of course, too much water is not good. The soap bar is too soft and has relatively few active ingredients, so it will not be durable.
The soap base has been completed, but it is still very hot. Even if Rumia's arm is already very sore, the heat of the paste can instantly burn any skin that comes into contact with it.
"Lumia, are you tired?"
"I'm not tired! I can still hold on."
In fact, she must be very tired. The ten-year-old girl's forehead was already covered with sweat, and the movements of her hands slowed down.
"Now stir slowly." Rurik patted her on the shoulder, but the girl took it as an encouragement, so he gritted his teeth and stirred hard.
"There's really nothing I can do to you. Okay, so you won't be able to go grazing tomorrow because you're too exhausted. That's fine. I'll have to entrust you with a big job in the future. It's enough to let others do the grazing for you." After muttering, he left Rick went to get the small wooden box he had prepared in advance.
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Chapter 85 Saponification
